US President Donald Trump has signed an executive order allowing tariff exemptions, starting Monday, for trade partners that secure deals covering metals, chemicals and pharmaceutical compounds.

Trump has spent his first seven months in office building up massive tariff increases to reorder the global trading system, cut US trade deficits and extract concessions from trading partner countries in negotiations.

His latest order identifies more than 45 categories for zero import tariffs from "aligned partners" who clinch framework pacts to cut Trump's "reciprocal" tariffs and duties imposed under the Section 232 national security statute.

Friday's order brings US tariffs in line with its commitments in existing framework deals, including those with allies such as Japan and the European Union.

The exemptions for countries with US trade deals are set to begin at 12:01am EDT/0401 GMT on Monday, it said.

In the order, Trump says his willingness to reduce tariffs depends on the "scope and economic value of a trading partner’s commitments to the United States in its agreement on reciprocal trade" and US national interests.

The cuts cover items that "cannot be grown, mined, or naturally produced in the United States" or produced in sufficient volume to meet domestic demand.

A White House official said it also creates new carveouts for some agricultural products, aircraft and parts, and non-patented articles for use in pharmaceuticals.

In situations where a country has struck a "reciprocal" trade deal with the United States, this will allow the US Trade Representative, the Commerce Department and customs to waive tariffs on covered imports without a new executive order from Trump, the official said.

The zero-tariff items identified in the order include graphite and various forms of nickel, a key ingredient in stainless steel manufacturing and electric vehicle batteries.

Also covered are compounds used in generic pharmaceuticals, including the anesthetic lidocaine and reagents used in medical diagnostic tests.

The order encompasses various types of gold imports, from powders and leaf to bullion, a key import from Switzerland, which is struggling with US tariffs of 39% as it has not yet reached a trade deal.

The order also permits tariffs to be scrapped on natural graphite, neodymium magnets, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and eliminates previous tariff exemptions on certain plastics and polysilicon, a key component of solar panels.